Eyes

Equipment Needed

• Penlight
• Snellen chart
• Ophthalmoscope

What to Say to the Patient

• "I'm going to check your vision and look into your eyes with this light."

Inspection Steps

• Visual acuity (Snellen)
• Extraocular movements (6 cardinal fields)
• Pupils - PERRLA
• Conjunctiva, sclera
• Fundoscopic exam

Palpation Steps

• Lacrimal glands if indicated

Normal Findings

• PERRLA
• EOMs intact
• Sclera white, conjunctiva pink
• Disc margins sharp

Abnormal Findings

• Anisocoria
• Nystagmus
• Scleral icterus
• Papilledema
• AV nicking

Common Mistakes

• Not dimming lights for fundoscopy
• Rushing pupillary light reflex assessment

Documentation Example

PERRLA, EOMs intact without nystagmus. Sclera anicteric, conjunctiva pink. Fundi with sharp disc margins bilaterally.